英语被动语态是怎样的（英语的被动语态的构成）
英语的被动语态
什么是被动语态
一般来说人们倾向使用主动语态，即某个主体（主语）给客体（宾语）施加的动作（动词）。
主动（Active）语态：
Somebody stole my laptop.
(主体= Somebody ， 动词 = stole ， 客体= my laptop)
被动语态的使用是强调动作及句子的宾语，而不是发生动作的主体。这表明要么主语不那么重要，要么我们不知道主语是谁。
被动（Passive）语态
My laptop was stolen.
(现在主动语态的宾语变主语= My laptop /动作= was stolen)
举例1：Passive: Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines.
Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines.
举例2:Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion.
Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.
被动语态的行为者
当我们知道动作者是谁时，我们用by将其放在后面，我们称这个词是被动语态的行为者。
Passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci.
(行为者 =Leonardo Da Vinci )
Active: Leonaro Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
一般来说如果有可能，不建议用被动语态因为用主动语态可以使意思表达得更清晰。然而在科技文章中被动语态却用得非常普遍。
Active: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, a police officer pulled him over and gave him a speeding ticket.
Passive: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, he was pulled over and given a ticket by a police officer.
如果句子较长并且知道主语，最好用主动语态。被动语态经常用作汇报某事或陈述事实。例如：
Highway 15 was closed yesterday due to a serious road accident.
A lot of corn is grown in Iowa.
被动语态的构成
英语有多种时态，每个时态都有自己的被动语态，其基本形式为to be+过去分词的形式。过去分词是动词的一种变化形式，一般是动词原形+ed=过去分词。
主要时态的被动语态列表如下：
时态 | 助动词+过去分词 | 例句 |
一般现在 | am, is, are + made | Wine is made from grapes. |
现在进行 | am, is, are + being + sent | The document is being sent right now. |
一般过去 | was, were + invited | John was invited to speak at the conference. |
过去进行 | was, were + being + washed | The dog was being washed when I got home. |
一般将来 | will be + signed | The contract will be signed tomorrow. |
将来(going to) | am, is, are + going to be + built | A bridge is going to be built within the next two years. |
现在完成 | has, have + been + sold | The rights to his book have been sold for $250,000. |
过去完成 | had + been + hired | The new manager had been hired before John left the company. |
将来完成 | will + have been + finished | The car will have been loaded by the time he gets home. |
情态动词 | can, could + be + issued | A passport can only be issued at the embassy. |
助动词have to | have to, has to, had to + be + arranged | A babysitter has to be arranged for this evening. |
情态动词 must | must + be + stopped | Criminals must be stopped before they commit crimes. |
被动语态的问句和否定句的造句法与主动语态一样。
注意：不能接宾语的动词，即不及物动词是不能做被动语态的。例如, arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur, sleep, 等等。
学到这里，你一定掌握了被动语态。
